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Ordinal Logistic Regression

Member Training: Analyzing Likert Scale Data

by TAF Support  1 Comment

Is it really ok to treat Likert items as continuous? And can you just decide to combine Likert items to make a scale? Likert-type data is extremely common—and so are questions like these about how to analyze it appropriately. [Read more…] about Member Training: Analyzing Likert Scale Data

Tagged With: Correlation, data transformations, Kendall's tau-b, kruskal-wallis, Likert Scale, mann-whitney u test, Ordinal Logistic Regression, predictive models, Somer's D, Spearman correlation

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Five Ways to Analyze Ordinal Variables (Some Better than Others)

by Karen Grace-Martin  4 Comments

There are not a lot of statistical methods designed just to analyze ordinal variables.

But that doesn’t mean that you’re stuck with few options.  There are more than you’d think.

Some are better than others, but it depends on the situation and research questions.

Here are five options when your dependent variable is ordinal.
[Read more…] about Five Ways to Analyze Ordinal Variables (Some Better than Others)

Tagged With: categorical variable, non-parametric, Ordinal Logistic Regression, rank-based test

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How to Decide Between Multinomial and Ordinal Logistic Regression Models

by Karen Grace-Martin  21 Comments

A great tool to have in your statistical tool belt is logistic regression.

It comes in many varieties and many of us are familiar with the variety for binary outcomes.

But multinomial and ordinal varieties of logistic regression are also incredibly useful and worth knowing.

They can be tricky to decide between in practice, however.  In some — but not all — situations you [Read more…] about How to Decide Between Multinomial and Ordinal Logistic Regression Models

Tagged With: link function, logistic regression, logit, Multinomial Logistic Regression, Ordinal Logistic Regression

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Opposite Results in Ordinal Logistic Regression, Part 2

by Karen Grace-Martin  1 Comment

I received the following email from a reader after sending out the last article: Opposite Results in Ordinal Logistic Regression—Solving a Statistical Mystery.

And I agreed I’d answer it here in case anyone else was confused.

Karen’s explanations always make the bulb light up in my brain, but not this time.

With either output,
The odds of 1 vs > 1 is exp[-2.635] = 0.07 ie unlikely to be  1, much more likely (14.3x) to be >1
The odds of £2 vs > 2 exp[-0.812] =0.44 ie somewhat unlikely to be £2, more likely (2.3x) to be >2

SAS – using the usual regression equation
If NAES increases by 1 these odds become [Read more…] about Opposite Results in Ordinal Logistic Regression, Part 2

Tagged With: Ordinal Logistic Regression, SAS, SPSS, Stata

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Opposite Results in Ordinal Logistic Regression—Solving a Statistical Mystery

by Karen Grace-Martin  7 Comments

A number of years ago when I was still working in the consulting office at Cornell, someone came in asking for help interpreting their ordinal logistic regression results.

The client was surprised because all the coefficients were backwards from what they expected, and they wanted to make sure they were interpreting them correctly.

It looked like the researcher had done everything correctly, but the results were definitely bizarre. They were using SPSS and the manual wasn’t clarifying anything for me, so I did the logical thing: I ran it in another software program. I wanted to make sure the problem was with interpretation, and not in some strange default or [Read more…] about Opposite Results in Ordinal Logistic Regression—Solving a Statistical Mystery

Tagged With: Minitab, odds ratio, Ordinal Logistic Regression, SAS, SPSS, Stata

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Logistic Regression Models for Multinomial and Ordinal Variables

by Karen Grace-Martin  59 Comments

Multinomial Logistic Regression

The multinomial (a.k.a. polytomous) logistic regression model is a simple extension of the binomial logistic regression model.  They are used when the dependent variable has more than two nominal (unordered) categories.

Dummy coding of independent variables is quite common.  In multinomial logistic regression the dependent variable is dummy coded into multiple 1/0 variables.  There is a variable for all categories but one, so if there are M categories, there will be M-1 dummy variables.  All but one category has its own dummy variable.  Each category’s dummy variable has a value of 1 for its category and a 0 for all others.  One category, the reference category, doesn’t need its own dummy variable as it is uniquely identified by all the other variables being 0.

The multinomial logistic regression then estimates a separate binary logistic regression model for each of those dummy variables.  The result is [Read more…] about Logistic Regression Models for Multinomial and Ordinal Variables

Tagged With: Binary Logistic Regression, dummy variable, Multinomial Logistic Regression, Ordinal Logistic Regression, Proportional Odds Model

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