plots

R is Not So Hard! A Tutorial, Part 22: Creating and Customizing Scatter Plots

December 31st, 2015 by

In our last post, we calculated Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients in R and got a surprising result.

So let’s investigate the data a little more with a scatter plot.

We use the same version of the data set of tourists. We have data on tourists from different nations, their gender, number of children, and how much they spent on their trip.

Again we copy and paste the following array into R.


M <- structure(list(COUNTRY = structure(c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L,
1L, 2L), .Label = c("AUS", "JAPAN", "USA"), class = "factor"),GENDER = structure(c(2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("F", "M"), class = "factor"), CHILDREN = c(2L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 5L, 1L), SPEND = c(8500L, 23000L, 4000L, 9800L, 2200L, 4800L, 12300L, 8000L, 7100L, 10000L, 7800L, 7100L, 7900L, 7000L, 14200L, 11000L, 7900L, 2300L, 7000L, 8800L, 7500L, 15300L, 8000L, 7900L)), .Names = c("COUNTRY", "GENDER", "CHILDREN", "SPEND"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -24L))


M
attach(M)

plot(CHILDREN, SPEND)

(more…)


Linear Models in R: Diagnosing Our Regression Model

April 21st, 2015 by

by David Lillis, Ph.D.Stage 2

Last time we created two variables and added a best-fit regression line to our plot of the variables. Here are the two variables again. (more…)


Linear Models in R: Plotting Regression Lines

April 10th, 2015 by

Stage 2Today let’s re-create two variables and see how to plot them and include a regression line. We take height to be a variable that describes the heights (in cm) of ten people. (more…)


R Graphics: Plotting in Color with qplot Part 2

January 13th, 2015 by

In the last lesson, we saw how to use qplot to map symbol colour to a categorical variable. Now we see how to control symbol colours and create legend titles.

M <- structure(list(PATIENT = c("Mary","Dave","Simon","Steve","Sue","Frida","Magnus","Beth","Peter","Guy","Irina","Liz"),
GENDER = c("F","M","M","M","F","F","M","F","M","M","F","F"),
TREATMENT = c("A","B","C","A","A","B","A","C","A","C","B","C"),
AGE =c("Y","M","M","E","M","M","E","E","M","E","M","M"),
WEIGHT_1 = c(79.2,58.8,72.0,59.7,79.6,83.1,68.7,67.6,79.1,39.9,64.7,65.6),
WEIGHT_2 = c(76.6,59.3,70.1,57.3,79.8,82.3,66.8,67.4,76.8,41.4,65.3,63.2),
HEIGHT = c(169,161,175,149,179,177,175,170,177,138,170,165),
SMOKE = c("Y","Y","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","Y"),
EXERCISE = c(TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE),
RECOVER = c(1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1)),
.Names = c("PATIENT","GENDER","TREATMENT","AGE","WEIGHT_1","WEIGHT_2","HEIGHT","SMOKE","EXERCISE","RECOVER"),
class = "data.frame", row.names = 1:12)

M

    PATIENT GENDER TREATMENT AGE WEIGHT_1 WEIGHT_2 HEIGHT SMOKE EXERCISE RECOVER
1     Mary      F         A   Y     79.2     76.6    169     Y     TRUE       1
2     Dave      M         B   M     58.8     59.3    161     Y    FALSE       0
3    Simon      M         C   M     72.0     70.1    175     N    FALSE       1
4    Steve      M         A   E     59.7     57.3    149     N    FALSE       1
5      Sue      F         A   M     79.6     79.8    179     N     TRUE       1
6    Frida      F         B   M     83.1     82.3    177     N    FALSE       0
7   Magnus      M         A   E     68.7     66.8    175     N    FALSE       1
8     Beth      F         C   E     67.6     67.4    170     N     TRUE       1
9    Peter      M         A   M     79.1     76.8    177     N     TRUE       1
10     Guy      M         C   E     39.9     41.4    138     N    FALSE       1
11   Irina      F         B   M     64.7     65.3    170     N    FALSE       0
12     Liz      F         C   M     65.6     63.2    165     Y     TRUE       1

Now let’s map symbol size to GENDER and symbol colour to EXERCISE, but choosing our own colours. To control your symbol colours, use the layer: scale_colour_manual(values = c()) and select your desired colours. We choose red and blue, and symbol sizes 3 and 7.

qplot(HEIGHT, WEIGHT_1, data = M, geom = c("point"), xlab = "HEIGHT (cm)", ylab = "WEIGHT BEFORE TREATMENT (kg)" , size = factor(GENDER), color = factor(EXERCISE)) + scale_size_manual(values = c(3, 7)) + scale_colour_manual(values = c("red", "blue"))

Here is our graph with red and blue points:

image001

Now let’s see how to control the legend title (the title that sits directly above the legend). For this example, we control the legend title through the name argument within the two functions scale_size_manual() and scale_colour_manual(). Enter this syntax in which we choose appropriate legend titles:

qplot(HEIGHT, WEIGHT_1, data = M, geom = c("point"), xlab = "HEIGHT (cm)", ylab = "WEIGHT BEFORE TREATMENT (kg)" , size = factor(GENDER), color = factor(EXERCISE)) + scale_size_manual(values = c(3, 7), name="Gender") + scale_colour_manual(values = c("red","blue"), name="Exercise")

image002

We now have our preferred symbol colour and size, and legend titles of our choosing.

That wasn’t so hard! In our next blog post we will learn about plotting regression lines in R.

About the Author:
David Lillis Ph. D. has taught R to many researchers and statisticians. His company, Sigma Statistics and Research Limited, provides both on-line instruction and face-to-face workshops on R, and coding services in R. David holds a doctorate in applied statistics.

See our full R Tutorial Series and other blog posts regarding R programming.

 


R Graphics: Plotting in Color with qplot

January 12th, 2015 by

In this lesson, let’s see how to use qplot to map symbol colour to a categorical variable.

Copy in the following data set (a medical data set relating to patients in a randomised controlled trial):

(more…)


Doing Scatterplots in R

January 7th, 2015 by

In this lesson, we see how to use qplot to create a simple scatterplot.

The qplot (quick plot) system is a subset of the ggplot2 (grammar of graphics) package which you can use to create nice graphs. It is great for creating graphs of categorical data, because you can map symbol colour, size and shape to the levels of your categorical variable. To use qplot first install ggplot2 as follows:
(more…)